Politeness Some Universal In Language Usage r themselves — and how politeness strategies protect either the speaker’s or the listener’s face. Their theory, while influential, has also been critiqued and refined over time, especially in light of cross- cultural studies that high M Ms. Janice Marks Dec 30, 2025
Politeness Brown And Levinson 1987 Stanford , emphasizing cooperative principles in conversation. Spencer-Oatey’s Rapport Management (2000): This model expands face 2. concerns to include sociality rights and obligations, offering a broader perspectiv M Mrs. Ethel Dickens Dec 17, 2025
leech politeness principle ects politeness strategies that respect the listener’s autonomy and face. Contextual Factors and Variability Leech emphasized that the application of politeness strategies depends heavily on context, social distance, power re A Alessandra Veum Nov 7, 2025
